Internet
Protocal
protocol ≈ format + order
abbr.
RFC(互联网文件系列): Request for Comments IETF(标准的制定者): Internet Engineering Task Force TP: twisted pair 双绞线 TTL:time to live 一个整数,最多能经过的跳数。(每经过一跳,该值减一)
Network Edges(host)
- end systems
- access network(机构网络、家庭网络)
- links(media:光纤 etc)
Network Core(router)
- packet switch(包交换,线路不定 store&forward)
- circuit switch(路线固定)
- network structure
between edge and core: edge router
Delay
- transportation delay
- prop delay
Layers
Layer | Computer |
---|---|
Application | process |
Transport | TCP/UDP system kernel module |
Network | IP system kernel module |
Link | driver + Network Interface Card |
Physical | Network Interface Card |
transmission rate
aka link capacity, link bandwidth
指网卡将信息转换为物理信号的速率,将信息转化为01001物理信号的速率。一般是理论值。
一个链路层如下:
网卡会先在链路层上协商,使得双方的传输速率一致。
throuhgout
吞吐量:单位时间内实际流过网络链路的数据量
Service Model
client-server